This article was written for the Texas Contractor and first appeared here.

So you’ve been awarded the contract, and you’ve lined up your subs and suppliers. But now, you and the team are in a holding pattern. Perhaps the owner hasn’t obtained the required permits or economic developments are impacting funding. Maybe you don’t have any explanation. We are seeing clients with these problems more often than in past decades. Their ranks start breaking. Their subs’ bids go by the wayside, and with lead times and price indexes like a rollercoaster, suppliers won’t hold to their original prices or dates.

If this is happening on a job, you have likely begun wondering whether the green light of an NTP will come with a yellow – or red – signal from your projected job costs. To your lawyer, the question is simple – can we recover for delay in issuance of a notice to proceed? The answer on the other hand, is not so simple. Here, we will lay out what you need to know, and do, to protect yourself moving forward. And you will find that, in most cases, by communicating with your owner – informally and in writing – you will position yourself to make the best of a bad situation.

Look at the Contract

Like most construction disputes, your first step will be reviewing the contract. And not all contracts address this specific issue. We often refer to AIA contracts for industry model language. For example, AIA A201 § 14.3.2 provides that the “Contract Sum and the Contract Time shall be adjusted” for owner-caused delays. Review your contracts for similar clauses and be wary of “no damages for delay” clauses. The devil can be in the contractual details.

Good Grief, Where’s the Relief?

Delays can also occur despite the issuance of an NTP. In a project in Arkansas, the Owner’s NTP was premature on a railroad bridge project when the contractor was told to start work despite delayed and incomplete work by the preceding contractor. That bridge contractor sought and recovered a 175-day delay claim. The court found that the owner’s premature issuance of the notice to proceed amounted to active interference with the contractor’s work.

These claims are founded not only on contract language but the caselaw establishing that untimely issuance of the notice constitutes a breach of the Owner’s implied duty of cooperation. Courts take this to mean that an actionable delay is unreasonable and unanticipated by the contract. But this applies to foreseeable delay, whose risk is not allocated to the contractor.

For contractors facing severe owner-induced delays, contract termination may be an option. Some contracts provide the contractor an option to terminate after a lengthy suspension. For example, § 14.1.2 of the AIA A201 allows the contractor to terminate the contract after a lengthy delay or suspension. Look for a clause like this in your documents, and if it’s not there, try to add such language.

For public projects, Texas statutes may provide for relief. Following a flurry of sovereign immunity appellate cases in the last two decades, the legislature approved statutes defining when sovereign immunity was waived for public work contract claims and defined the damages that could be brought. In each case delay damages were authorized.

For example, Local Government Code Ch. 271 allows a claim against a local government entity “including any amount owed as compensation for the increased cost to perform the work as a direct result of owner-caused delays or acceleration.” The same language appears in the County Purchasing Act, Local Government Code Ch. 262. Government Code Ch. 2260 provides a procedure for claims on most state projects and specifically mentions “any delay or labor-related expense incurred by the contractor as a result of an action or a failure to act by the unit of state government.” This statute does not apply to Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) work, but the TxDOT Standard Specifications have long recognized compensation for TxDOT-caused delays.

Close, Don’t Kill, the Project

Set clear expectations on what you need and why. Explain to the client that a delayed NTP may result in increased trade or material costs from bid. And make them aware of fuses on critical sub bids and any representations you may have gotten from key suppliers. And be sure to follow-up with written notice. Clearly lay out your issues and potential costs with supporting information. Be transparent and bring the project over the goal line.

And if there’s any silver lining to our pandemic/supply chain problems, it might be that some owners are more sympathetic to the vagaries of today’s supply markets. Some owners will accept contract provisions for price volatility. And with others you can do planning for unknowns.

But fundamental blocking and tackling still applies. Know your contracts. When and if you need to, try to negotiate terms for relief from owner delays. Communicate openly about what you need to get the job done and follow up with formal notice through contractual procedures.

For more information, please contact Curt Martin & Steve Garcia.